KHAWARIJ. The third major sectarian grouping in Islam, neither Sunnis nor Shi`is, came into existence as a consequence of “the great fitnah” between 656 and […]
SHAME. The concept of shame (Ar., hashm; Pers., sharm) is an aspect of social status often paired with honor as contraries of moral evaluation. This […]
FATWA. [To describe the role of fatwa as an instrument of religious law this entry comprises three articles. Concepts of Fatwa Process and Function Modern […]