REPUBLICAN BROTHERS. In 1945 a small group of Sudanese led by Mahmud Muhammad Taha organized the Republican Party to oppose both the establishment of a […]
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REPUBLIC
REPUBLIC. The political label of “republic” or aljumhuriyah is one without great apparent controversy in the Islamic world. The reason for this is twofold. First, […]
RELICS
RELICS. The remains of holy persons may serve as a focus for devotional practices in Islam. These relics include the physical remains of holy persons-the […]
REFUGEES
REFUGEES. In a Muslim context, the term “refugee” is related to formal concepts of migration and flight that are central to the history of Islam. […]
RAMADAN
RAMADAN. For the duration of Ramadan, the ninth month of the Muslim lunar calendar all Muslims are required to abstain during the daylight hours from […]
RADIO AND TELEVISION
RADIO AND TELEVISION. Communication patterns in the Islamic world have undergone considerable change since the advent of broadcasting in the twentieth century. When broadcasting systems […]
QUR’ANIC RECITATION
QUR’ANIC RECITATION. The name for the Islamic revealed scripture, al-Qur’an, means “the recitation,” in both informative and performative senses. With respect to the first, the […]
The Qur’an in Muslim Thought and Practice
The Qur’an in Muslim Thought and Practice Because Muslims view the Qur’an as the very word of God, it naturally occupies the central place in […]
The Qur’an as Scripture
The Qur’an as Scripture The term Qur’an, most often translated as “reading” or “recital,” has been linked etymologically to Syriac qeryana (“scripture reading, lection”) and […]
QOM
QOM. A small provincial town south of Tehran, Qom (or Qum) is the site of Hazrat-i Ma’sumah, the shrine of Fatimah, sister of the eight […]