MINORITIES. [This entry comprises two articles. The first is a historical survey of the status and treatment of nonMuslim minorities (principally Jews and Christians) in […]
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MILLET
MILLET. This term is most commonly used in Islamic history to mean “religious community.” It is derived from the Arabic word millah, which was employed […]
MAWLID
MAWLID. Derived from the triliteral Arabic root w-l-d, mawlid means “birth.” Al-Mawlid al-Nabawi alSharif, for example, refers to the twelfth day of Rabi’ al-Awwal of […]
MAWLAY
MAWLAY. The Arabic word mawlay (also transliterated moulay and mulay) means “my lord” or “my master”; in North Africa it is frequently used in this […]
MAWLA
MAWLA. Derived from wala (“to be close to, be friends with, have power over”), the term mawla (pl., mawali) has entered other languages as a […]
MASLAHAH
MASLAHAH. Public interest (al-masalih almursalah) is regarded in shari `ah (the divine law) as a basis of law. According to necessity and particular circumstances, […]
MASHHAD
MASHHAD. An Arabic word meaning “a place where a martyr died,” mashhad is the gravesite of an imam of Ithna `Ashari Shiism believed to have […]
MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE
MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE. [To articulate religious values and traditions reflected in marriage and divorce in modern Islamic societies, this entry comprises two articles: Legal Foundations […]
MALAY AND INDONESIAN LITERATURE
MALAY AND INDONESIAN LITERATURE. Ever since the emergence of the Srivijaya empire on the east coast of Sumatra around 700 CE, the Malay language has […]
MAJLIS
MAJLIS. An Arabic term that seems to have been used in pre-Islamic Arabia to indicate either a tribal council or council of tribes, majlis, after […]