JANISSARIES. In the late fourteenth century the government of the Ottoman Empire established an elite slave infantry known as “new troops” or Janissaries (Turkish, yenicen), […]
Category: Encyclopedia
JAM`IYATUL `ULAMA’-I HIND
JAM`IYATUL `ULAMA’-I HIND. An organization of Muslim religious scholars of India, the Jam’Iyatul `Ulama’-i Hind (Association of the `Ulama’ of India) was established in November […]
JAMIYAT AL-SHUBBAN AL-MUSLIMIN
JAMIYAT AL-SHUBBAN AL-MUSLIMIN. A Pan-Islamic Egyptian political association founded in 1927 in Cairo, the Jam`iyat al-Shubban al-Muslimin was apparently modeled in part on the YMCA […]
JAMI’AH AL-SAYFIYAH, AL
JAMI’AH AL-SAYFIYAH, AL-. This Arabic academy in Surat, India, is the principal institution for the religious education and training of the Da’udi Bohra Ismai’ilis. The […]
JAHILIYAH
JAHILIYAH. In classical usage, the term Jahiliyah refers to the period of time and the condition of society in Arabia before the advent of Islam. […]
ITTIHAD-I MUHAMMADI CEMIYETI
ITTIHAD-I MUHAMMADI CEMIYETI. A political and religious organization was founded around the newspaper Volkan (Volcano) in February I9o9 by Hafiz Dervis Vahdeti, a Naqshbandi from […]
ITHNA ASHARIYAH
ITHNA ASHARIYAH. The followers of the twelve imams regarded as the rightful successors of the Prophet, the Ithna `Ashariyah, or Twelvers, constitute the major subdivision […]
ISTIQLAL
ISTIQLAL. The leading Moroccan nationalist party in the period 1943-1962, the Istiqlal (Hizb al-Istiqlal, “Independence party”) was founded in December 1943 by Ahmad Balafrej and […]
ISMAILIYAH
ISMAILIYAH. The Shi movement called the Isma’iliyah, with a number of widely differing subsects, deeply influenced Islamic intellectual life in the tenth through thirteenth centuries. […]
ISLAMIC STUDIES
ISLAMIC STUDIES. [This entry comprises two articles. The first presents a history of the study of Islam from its origins to the present, emphasizing scholarship […]